ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problem and endemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in both developed and developing countries. It has strong association with dyslipidaemias in relation to glycaemic control and duration of the disease. Dyslipidaemias make diabetic patients more susceptible to coronary artery disease (CAD) which is the major cause of increased mortality and morbidity. Objectives were to estimate the blood glucose levels and lipid profiles among diabetics and to compare the lipid profiles among controlled and uncontrolled diabetic subjects.Methods: A cross sectional study was done including 100 diabetic subjects aged between 40 to 60 years of either sex. Patients were classified into 2 groups with 50 subjects in each group as per their glycemic index. Group 1 was controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c?7.5%) and Group 2 was uncontrolled diabetic patients (HbA1c>7.5%). Venous blood samples were collected from the subjects. The serum was used for analyzing FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and lipid profiles.Results: FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were more in females than male patients but the mean values were not significant statistically except FBS and total cholesterol. All the lipid parameters were elevated among uncontrolled diabetic patients compared to controlled diabetic patients which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Present study concluded that the blood glucose levels and lipid parameters were elevated among uncontrolled diabetics compared to controlled diabetics strongly depicting the co-relation between the glycemic levels and lipid abnormalities. Patients should be educated to monitor regularly and control blood glucose and lipid levels.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is an integral and essential part of patient care. PV deals with the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The aims of PV are to improve patient care, public health and safety in relation to the use of medicines, to contribute to the assessment of benefit, harm, effectiveness and risk of medicines, encouraging their safe, rational and more effective use, to promote understanding, education and clinical training in PV and its effective communication to health professionals and the public. The objective of present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of PV among nurses in a rural tertiary care center, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), B G Nagar. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among nurses of AIMS, B G Nagar, Mandya, Karnataka. Results: A total of 94 respondents were analyzed. 75.53% of participants knew the definition of PV, 77.65% participants knew the international PV reporting centers, 81.91% have knowledge about regulatory body responsible for monitoring adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 80.85% have good orientation of specific ADR format, 98.93% of nurses thought ADR reporting is necessary, 86.13% have attitude of encouraging non-medical persons to report ADR and 95.74% of nurses want PV to be taught in detail and 87.23% nurses reported that they came across ADRs. 31.91% participants are not aware about how to report ADR. Lack of knowledge about the reporting procedure is the major reason for under-reporting. Conclusions: The majority of nurses has good knowledge and attitude toward PV and understand the need for reporting in our study, but unfortunately the actual practice of ADR reporting is still deficient among them. Training programs and continued medical education type of interventions periodically can improve the knowledge toward PV.